ENT specialist — when to see one and what to expect

Ear, nose and throat problems are common. Most clear up with simple care, but some need an ENT specialist (otolaryngologist). This page helps you figure out when to get a referral, what tests you might need, and how to prepare so your visit is useful.

When to see an ENT specialist

Make an appointment if symptoms last longer than a few weeks or keep coming back. Examples: ongoing sinus pain, repeated ear infections, sudden hearing loss, constant dizziness, throat pain that won’t go away, or loud snoring with daytime tiredness. If a child has speech delay, repeated ear fluid, or sleeps with open mouth, an ENT visit is a smart step.

Headaches and congestion that don’t respond to treatment, nosebleeds that are hard to stop, or a lump in the neck also deserve evaluation. And if you suddenly lose hearing or have sudden facial weakness, seek urgent care — some ENT problems need fast action.

Common tests and treatments

ENT doctors use practical tests, not fancy jargon. Expect a physical exam of ears, nose, throat and neck. They may use a small camera (endoscope) to look inside your nose or throat. Hearing tests (audiometry), tympanometry to check middle-ear function, and balance tests for vertigo are common. For persistent sinus or ear issues, the doctor might order a CT scan.

Treatment depends on the cause. Simple fixes include nasal sprays, allergy meds, short courses of antibiotics for infections, or steroid pills for inflammation. For ear problems, your doctor might suggest ear drops, cleaning, or ear tubes for kids. Surgery can be the answer: tonsillectomy/adenoidectomy, septoplasty, endoscopic sinus surgery, or insertion of grommets. For hearing loss, you may be referred to an audiologist for hearing aids.

Many people worry about surgery. Most ENT procedures are straightforward and recovery is usually quick. Your surgeon will explain risks, benefits, and recovery steps so you know what to expect.

Telehealth works well for follow-ups or simple consultations. But if you need an exam with instruments or hearing tests, plan an in-person visit.

Before your visit, bring a list of symptoms, medicines, past scans or letters from other doctors, and any hearing aids or CPAP gear if you use them. Write down questions: What’s the likely cause? Are tests needed now? What are non-surgical options? What are the surgery risks and recovery time?

Seeing an ENT doesn’t have to be stressful. With a clear list of symptoms and questions you’ll get faster answers and a practical plan to feel better.